SIGNIFICANCE: This paper serves as a reply to the Commentary by Brown and Gibbons (S Afr J Sci. 2022;118(9/10), Art. #12590) on our recently published paper on systematics of the moon jellyfish genus Aurelia (Lawley et al. PeerJ 2021;9, e11954)). We emphasise that we are not advocating for the routine use of molecular data alone in taxonomic diagnoses, rather that it is a valid approach in cases where, after detailed analyses, morphological features are shown to be unreliable

ABSTRACT The massive occurrence of jellyfish in several areas of the world is reported annually, but most of the data come from the northern hemisphere and often refer to a restricted group of species that are not in the genus Cassiopea. This study records a massive, clonal and non-native population of Cassiopea and discusses the possible scenarios that resulted in the invasion of the Brazilian coast by these organisms. The results indicate that this jellyfish might have invaded the Brazilian coast multiple times.

The gelatinous zooplankton, an important functional group in the water column, was studied during April and May 2011 in Mexican waters of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Zooplankton samples and environmental data were obtained during the MareaR-III cruise on board the R/V `El Puma' (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM). We identified 32 species of gelatinous zooplankton including 25 species of cnidarians (14 medusae, 11 siphonophores), 2 ctenophores and 5 thaliaceans. Up to 14 of these species represent new records for the surveyed area. The medusae Calycopsis simplex, Sphaerocoryne bedoti, Stauridiosarsia baukalion, Lovenella clausa and the siphonophore Sphaeronectes irregularis are recorded for the first time in Mexican waters. High occurrences and/or abundances of the thaliacean Dolioletta gegenbauri, Doliolum nationalis, the medusae Aglaura hemistoma, Liriope tetraphylla, Rhopalonema velatum, Cunina octonaria and the siphonophore Muggiaea atlantica were detected. Lowest diversity values were found in the northern and southern sectors of the surveyed area. The canonical correspondence analysis revealed that most species are related to environmental characteristics of the northern part of the surveyed area. The species richness and the abundance were highly influenced by the occurrence of trachy and narcomedusas in sampling stations both near as far from the shore line, as well as by the occurrence of doliolids. The high abundance of gelatinous zooplankton from oceanic waters throughout the surveyed area is attributed to the narrowness of the continental shelf.

El zooplancton gelatinoso, un importante grupo funcional en la columna de agua, fue estudiado en aguas mexicanas del Pacífico tropical oriental durante abril y mayo de 2011. El material analizado se recolectó durante la campaña oceanográfica MareaR-III a bordo del B/O `El Puma' (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM). Se identificaron 32 especies de zooplancton gelatinoso, incluyendo 25 especies de cnidarios (14 medusas, 11 sifonóforos), 2 ctenóforos y 5 taliáceos; 14 son nuevos registros para el área de estudio. Se registran por primera vez en aguas mexicanas las medusas Calycopsis simplex, Sphaerocoryne bedoti, Stauridiosarsia baukalion, Lovenella clausa, y el sifonóforo Sphaeronectes irregularis. Destacan por su frecuencia y por su alta densidad los taliáceos Dolioletta gegenbauri, Doliolum nationalis, las medusas Aglaura hemistoma, Liriope tetraphylla, Rhopalonema velatum, Cunina octonaria y el sifonóforo Muggiaea atlantica. La diversidad de Shannon presentó sus valores menores en las zonas más septentrionales y meridionales. El análisis de correspondencia canónica reveló que la mayoría de las especies son afines a las características ambientales registradas en el sector norte del Pacífico central mexicano. Tanto la riqueza de especies como la densidad de organismos están determinadas por la presencia de narcomedusas y traquimedusas, así como por doliólidos. La alta densidad de seres del zooplancton gelatinoso de aguas oceánicas en toda la zona de estudio es favorecida por la estrechez de la plataforma continental en el Pacífico central mexicano.